How does J-STD-001 categorize soldering defects?

The correct categorization of soldering defects per J-STD-001 is into major, minor, and critical defects. This classification allows for a systematic approach to assessing soldering quality, where each category reflects a level of impact on the reliability and functionality of an electronic assembly.

Major defects may compromise the assembly's performance, although they might not immediately cause failure. Minor defects are generally less severe and may not affect performance but could lead to reliability issues over time if not addressed. Critical defects, on the other hand, can result in an immediate failure of the product, posing safety risks or significant operational issues.

This tiered classification system is essential for manufacturers and quality control personnel, as it provides clear guidelines for identifying and rectifying soldering issues based on their severity. Such an approach ensures better focus on defects that could lead to failure, thus enhancing overall product reliability and safety. The other options presented do not reflect the classification system used in J-STD-001, which specifically emphasizes the degree of impact on the assembly’s integrity and functionality.